Daily science | Some small tips about electronic atomization products

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Hi, 0氪 people meet again! Although electronic cigarettes have gradually and generally entered everyone’s field of vision, most of the 0氪 people’s understanding of electronic cigarettes is still only in its infancy, so today 氪 Zai specially organized some The relevant information in the industry brings you the professional knowledge about electronic cigarettes that every 0 krypton should know.

Background/Background E-cigarettes originated in China, but are popular in Europe, America and the Middle East. In recent years, Chinese consumers have become more aware of their health, and e-cigarettes are being recognized by Chinese consumers instead of cigarettes. Electronic cigarettes, as a substitute for cigarettes, and the advantages of “sucking” flavors of electronic cigarettes themselves, are more and more popular among people. However, as a new type of product, e-cigarettes face many uncertainties, such as the non-convergence of e-cigarette concepts and evaluations, the non-uniformity of product standards, and the non-normative behavior of e-cigarettes, all of which need to be clarified, unified and regulated .

Basic Definition of E-Cigarette /Definition of E-Cigarette
The concept of electronic cigarettes Electronic cigarettes are electronic products that atomize e-liquid containing nicotine salts through atomizing equipment. (Some e-cigarette juices do not contain nicotine salts)

Extended reading *Q: What is the difference between electronic cigarettes and traditional cigarettes? A: The electronic cigarette smokes the smoke after the atomization of the e-liquid. In addition to the possible nicotine content, smoking tobacco smoke from traditional cigarettes is a very different experience.

The structure of electronic cigarette
The mainstream electronic cigarettes (small cigarettes) are mainly composed of two parts: the oil cup (also called the atomization chamber, the pod, the atomization bomb, the oil tank) that holds the e-liquid, and the evaporating device (also called the cigarette rod, the atomization device) device).
Classification of e-cigarettes 1). According to the classification of e-liquid devices, it can be divided into pre-filled and refillable types: · Pre-filled e-cigarettes: e-liquid and atomizing core are integrated, one-time use and portable. Generally, the one-piece atomizer that is pre-filled with oil is also called a pod. · Refillable electronic cigarette: The oil cup can be reused, and different brands of e-liquid can be used.
2). According to the classification of cigarette rods, it can be divided into mechanical type and electronic type: · Mechanical type: There is no control chip in the cigarette rod, which has a long life but is not easy to control. Electronic type: There is a control chip in the cigarette rod, which can control the voltage, power and temperature, but the life of the chip is limited.
3). According to the power classification, it can be divided into low power type and high power type: · Small cigarette: generally through the mouth, the atomizer and the battery can be connected to start work, no need to start the button. (The current mainstream form of electronic cigarettes) Large cigarettes: mainly use lithium batteries with higher power, larger volume, and obvious characteristics of atomizers and cigarette rods.
4). E-cigarette oil E-cigarette oil is mainly composed of three substances: nicotine, flavors and fragrances, PG/VG The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) defines PG as “generally safe for humans”. PG (Propylene Glycol) is the carrier of flavor, which can enhance the taste of e-liquid. After heating, a small amount of mist will be produced, and there will be a certain throat hit. Like PG, VG (vegetable glycerin or glycerol) is also a widely used raw material in daily life. The main role of VG in e-liquid is to generate “mist”. Spices and flavors are generally food-grade and have little effect on the human body.
5). What are the effects of e-cigarettes on people? ①What is the impact on people who smoke e-cigarettes? The main affecting substance is nicotine. Nicotine is an addictive substance, which may increase heart rate and blood pressure; large doses (above 50mg) in a short period of time can cause vomiting and nausea; but regular e-liquid will control the dose of nicotine within a safe range, even without Nicotine has less effect on people.
② How does it affect people around you? In terms of working principle, e-cigarettes only atomize e-liquid, and will not produce second-hand smoke, and will not remain in clothing and other places; from the perspective of taste, e-cigarette e-liquids of e-cigarettes are generally simulated fruits, mint, cream, etc. Smell without the unpleasant odor of smoke. Therefore, e-cigarettes can be considered basically harmless to the surrounding population. In contrast, cigarettes not only harm the health of smokers, but second-hand and third-hand smoke can also affect the people around them.
③Do electronic cigarettes produce harmful substances? Since electronic cigarettes use physical atomization technology, no new substances and hazards will be generated. Generally speaking, the maximum temperature of mainstream electronic cigarette equipment is 300~400℃, and the organic matter cracking reaction requires a temperature of 700~800℃. It can be seen that the compliant electronic cigarette equipment will not generate harmful substances through cracking reaction. In contrast, cigarettes are much more harmful. When a cigarette burns, the temperature reaches 600~900℃, and many harmful substances will be produced in the case of incomplete combustion, such as aromatic amines (carcinogenic), condensed aromatic hydrocarbons (carcinogenic), heterocyclic amines (carcinogenic), metals (carcinogenic, DNA damage), radioactive substances (carcinogenic), the mixture is smoke tar. According to WHO official data, there are about 4,000 chemicals in tobacco smoke, of which there are at least 250 known harmful substances and more than 50 known carcinogens. [1] In an experiment by Lauterbach et al. [2] in 2012, the release of chemical constituents in mainstream smoke from e-cigarettes and cigarettes was compared. Among them, the harmful substances released by electronic cigarettes are much lower than that of cigarettes, and the formaldehyde is 8.6% of cigarettes, and the release of many other harmful components is 98% less than that of traditional cigarettes. The NHS (British National Health Service) once issued a document saying that e-cigarettes are 95% less harmful than cigarettes.

*Note

[1] Tobacco fact sheet published by the World Health Organization

[2] Lauterbach J H, Laugesen M and Ross J D. Suggested protocol for estimation of harmful and potentially harmful constituents in mainstream aerosols generated by electronicnicotine delivery systems[R]. Poster 1860 presented at the 51st annual meeting of the Society of Toxicology in San Francisco, 2012.

Extended reading *Q: Are e-cigarettes banned in Hong Kong and some countries because they are harmful to the human body? A: Electronic cigarettes are banned in some countries and regions, mainly due to policy factors. For example, Hong Kong recently proposed to ban e-cigarettes. The most important reason is to protect the health of children and adolescents.
Extended reading *Q: What is third-hand smoke? A: The National Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy has found that “third-hand smoke” refers to the tobacco residues left on furniture, cars, clothes, and even hair and skin after smokers “puff the clouds”, containing more than 250 chemicals, such as heavy metals, carcinogens, and even radioactive substances. The staying time is as long as several months, and it may enter the human body through breathing, hand-mouth contact, skin contact and other channels, causing harm.
Q: Do e-cigarettes have problems with second-hand and third-hand smoke? A: Cigarettes produce smoke (solid combustion turns into gas), while e-cigarettes produce vapor (liquid turns into gas). Therefore, the smoke easily remains in the air and remains on the skin, clothing and furniture, while the vapor of the electronic cigarette is easily dissipated in the air and will not remain.
6). Can e-cigarettes help quit smoking? It is theoretically possible. Science has proven that it’s nicotine, not tar and carbon monoxide, that are the most dangerous things in cigarettes. The reason why many people rely on “perseverance” to quit smoking is because the sudden withdrawal of nicotine produces discomfort, which makes it easy to relapse. Electronic cigarettes use low-temperature atomization to turn nicotine into water vapor. Because of the support of nicotine, it is easier to transition from traditional cigarettes to electronic cigarettes, and there is no need to endure the discomfort after quitting smoking, so many people unknowingly reduce smoking Frequency of cigarettes. However, don’t expect smokers to quit smoking after using e-cigarettes, because smoking is a complex habit-forming behavior and “taste” dependence. Therefore, quitting smoking with e-cigarettes is a long process, and this In the process, the goal of “replacement of cigarettes” should be first – consciously partially replacing cigarettes, and replacing cigarettes with electronic cigarettes on special occasions. At the same time, the concentration of nicotine in electronic cigarettes or whether it contains nicotine can be adjusted and selected. Through the process of continuous reduction of nicotine content and the gradual replacement of the taste of cigarettes by “flavor” in electronic cigarettes, the goal of smoking cessation can be slowly achieved.
Extended reading *Q: Do you have no confidence in quitting smoking if you advocate smoking instead of quitting? A: The aroma and taste of cigarettes have accompanied people for 500 years, and human beings have long been accustomed to it. What electronic cigarettes should do is to gradually change people’s smoking habits with more convenient, more beautiful and better smoking electronic cigarettes.

Etiquette of E-Cigarette Etiquette /Etiquette of E-Cigarette
So far, studies have shown that smoking e-cigarettes does not cause harm to others, but people’s awareness and acceptance of e-cigarettes is still a long way off. Therefore, the core of e-cigarette behavior etiquette – respect for public morals and respect for others.
E-cigarette users should try to do the following: ⊙ Try not to smoke e-cigarettes in person. ⊙ Try to smoke electronic cigarettes in a place where the air is flowing. ⊙ Try not to smoke e-cigarettes in front of minors and avoid imitation.
Suggestions on the classification and restriction levels of smoking in different public places: 1). The places where e-cigarettes are strictly prohibited – high-risk and high-enclosed vehicles such as airplanes, high-speed rails, subways, etc. Safety Impact: ★ ★ ★ Health Impact: ★ ★ ★ Demonstration Impact : ★ ★ ★ Smoking electronic cigarettes in these closed and high-speed vehicles will easily cause alarm and panic and cause potential safety hazards; On these occasions, it is expressly stipulated that smoking electronic cigarettes is strictly prohibited. Aircraft: Article 25 of the Civil Aviation Safety and Security Regulations of the People’s Republic of China clearly stipulates that smoking is prohibited in the cabin. There are smoke detectors in the cabin, so vaping is prohibited.
High-speed trains and EMUs: The “Railway Safety Management Regulations” expressly stipulate that smoking is prohibited on high-speed trains and EMUs. There are smoke detectors in the car, so the use of electronic cigarettes is prohibited.
Subway: Neither the “Beijing Rail Transit Operation Safety Regulations” nor the “Beijing Tobacco Control Regulations” have clear regulations on e-cigarettes. According to the subway, e-cigarettes can be carried but not allowed to be used; Shanghai subway has reminded passengers that e-cigarettes are also within the scope of the “Shanghai Regulations on Smoking Control in Public Places”.

2). Occasions where e-cigarettes are not used as much as possible – closed public places such as movie theaters/shopping malls/libraries Safety impacts: ★ ★ ☆Health impacts: ★ ★ ★ Demonstration impacts: ★ ★ ☆Although the risk factor of these public places is reduced, they belong to In a closed place with dense crowds and no ventilation, there are certain health risks; and it is easy to cause demonstration effects to minors, so it is recommended not to smoke e-cigarettes as much as possible.
3). Occasions where e-cigarettes are smoked as little as possible-safety impacts in semi-enclosed public places such as restaurants/hotels/offices: ★ ★ ☆Health impacts: ★ ★ ☆Demonstration impacts: ★ ★ ☆Low risk factor, strong air mobility, For the sake of not disturbing others, it is recommended to smoke as little as possible, or use e-cigarettes without affecting others.
4) Low-key occasions for vaping – non-closed public places such as parks/streets Safety impact: ★ ☆ ☆ Health impact: ★ ☆ ☆ Demonstration impact: ★ ★ ☆ These open places with air flow have minimal impact on others. But you should try your best to keep a low profile, and if others have objections, it is recommended to stop.

Extended reading *Q: Since there is no problem of second-hand and third-hand smoke in e-cigarettes, why are these guidelines stipulated?

A: First, considering the impact of smell on others, for example, eating and drinking on some vehicles is not allowed. Although electronic cigarettes do not have the problem of second-hand and third-hand smoke, they still produce odor. For the convenience of others, I hope everyone abides by public morals. The second is to protect children and minors, and to avoid demonstration effects and imitations.

Product Standard of E-Cigarette
Safety standards 1). Body safety: Unqualified batteries may cause electronic cigarette explosion accidents. It is necessary to ensure that the battery performance is stable, and the body material has good heat dissipation performance to ensure personal safety during use. 2). The safety of e-juice must use food-grade PG, VG and essence, no heavy metals and radioactive substances are detected, ensure that the e-juice packaging is airtight, free from pollution and deterioration, and control the dose of nicotine within a safe range.
Quality standards 1). Body shape: Although the shapes of the electronic cigarettes on the market are ever-changing and there is no uniform standard, the shape is preferably made of elegant materials, small and portable, and ergonomically designed.

2). Operation and use: it is better to be easy to operate. Including a button-free one-piece design, instant smoking, quick replacement of cartridges, low-cost cleaning and maintenance, etc.

3). Performance standard: stable performance is better. Including oil leakage-proof closed oil tank design, constant power and stable output, appropriate suction resistance, stable and lasting power supply, etc.

4). E-liquid standard: It is better to have a realistic throat hit, balanced sour and sweetness, delicate and supple, and high flavor reduction.

5). Atomizer standard: It is better to have a durable atomizing core, high sealing of the oil tank, and constant heating.

Krypton says:

At present, the harmfulness of electronic cigarettes has been stalemate among various parties. It can be said that the benevolent sees the benevolent and the wise sees the wisdom, but the characteristic of electronic cigarette harm reduction compared to traditional cigarettes is unquestionable.

A few days ago, the World Health Organization (WTO) and the Department of Public Health of the United Kingdom both issued statements, indicating that there is conclusive evidence that e-cigarettes do have harm reduction properties, the harm is far less than that of traditional tobacco, and the effect of assisting smoking cessation is obvious.

There is no need to overly deify e-cigarettes, nor to blindly reject e-cigarettes. What we need to do is to look at it dialectically from a scientific and rational perspective. In contrast, e-cigarettes will be a healthier choice than traditional cigarettes.

Again, minors under the age of 18 are prohibited from using e-cigarettes in any form.

Source of part of the content of the article: Zhihu

Author: smoker

Daily science | Some small tips about electronic atomization products